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Tanyi Samuel

Federal University Dutsinma, Nigeria

Title: Antribacterial and oral acute toxicity studies of Euphorbia hirta

Biography

Biography: Tanyi Samuel

Abstract

Due to high cost, undesirable side effects of conventional antibiotics and emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria, there is need to search for novel antibacterial agents from medicinal plants. In this study, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp, salmonella spp, Shigella spp., and  Escherichia coli were  obtained from Usmanu  Danfodio University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to crude leave extracts of E. hirta by agar diffusion methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was determined by broth dilution method. The results showed that the most susceptible bacterium to the extract was Shigella, with a zone of inhibition of 23.33 mm,   while the most  resistant bacterium was E. coli, with a zone of inhibition of 9.43 mm. MIC and MBC of the extract against Shigella was 21.87 mg/ml respectively. Alkaloids, saponsins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins and polysterols were revealed in the extract by phytochemical analysis. Oral acute toxicity of the extract showed no mortality in Sprague Dawley rats at concentration of 50, 300, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight. Result showed that the LD50 was>5000 mg/kg. The MBC: MIC ration>4, suggesting the crude extract was bactericidal.  This study showed that leaves of E. hirta can serve as a potential antibacterial agent.