Internal Medicine and Hospital Management

Adolescent medicine (Hebiatrics) is the medical subspecialty that focuses on care of  the patients who are in  adolescent period of development, generally ranging from last years of elementary school until graduation from the high school (some doctors in this subspecialty treat young adults attending college at area clinics, in the subfield of college health). Main health issues related to adolescent medicine will be discussed in our scientific sessions

Public health refers to all organized measures whether public or private to prevent disease, promote health, and prolongs life among the population. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire populations, not on individual patients or diseases. Medical sociology and public health share many of the same concerns in the study of social and cultural factors that affect the health of the population. Differences in theoretical approaches, methodological procedures, conceptualization and measurement, and research objectives, however, often serve to limit the potential for collaboration between the two disciplines. Sociologists possess many of the theoretical models and analytical techniques needed in public health for the study of the impact of poverty, inequality, socioeconomic status, differentials in power, and social and cultural differences on disease outcomes and health status. This field draws on traditional sociological issues and contributes to them through reformulations of such basic concepts as social systems and institutions, professionalism, social work and social change, and social interaction and negotiation.

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Studies of hospital admissions throughout the country reveal an on-going decline which started in 2009. The changes have been small but steady. For instance, there were almost 36.2 million admissions in 2012 according to the American Hospital Association. By 2013, this fell to about 35.4 million which translates to a drop of 2%. The outpatient figures, meanwhile, show the opposite trend. This type of visit to the hospitals increased in the same time period to over 787 million for a rise of 1.2%. This might seem like a small percentage but the large base means that the number of people affected is nontrivial. If we look at a broader time span, then the changes appear to be truly startling. The number of outpatient observation stays increased by 96% from 2006 to 2013. In other words, visits nearly doubled in a period of six years. A Medicare Payment Advisory Commission report released in 2015 supports these findings. This Med Pac paper says that the use of outpatient services increased by 33% over the past seven years. Various events and activities are being suggested as the reason for this clear shift.

Big Data analysis can be used for actual decision making in the healthcare domain by altering the existing machine learning algorithms. Big data can be examined with the software tools which are usually used as a part of predictive analytics in medicine, data discovery, text mining and statistical analysis. Business Intelligence software and data visualization tool can be a part of the analysis process. In current years, the introduction of data analytics to large volumes of healthcare data collected daily have unlocked abundant new chances and challenges in the field of medical informatics.

Immunization is a process whereby the person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease. Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate the individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Critical Care in Internal Medicine. Intensive care medicine or the critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and management of life-threatening conditions requiring sophisticated organ support and the invasive monitoring. 

In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the patient’s symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of others reported. Case reports do have genuinely useful roles in medical research and evidence-based medicine. They have facilitated recognition of new diseases, adverse effects of treatments. ( example: recognition of the link. They can also help understand the clinical spectrum of the rare disease, as well as unusual presentations of common disease. The case report can detail many different aspects of patient’s medical situation (e.g. patient history, physical examination, diagnosis, psychosocial aspects, follow up).

The IT system has revolutionized the field of medicine. In this fast-paced world of medicine, it is a daunting task to manage a multi-specialty hospital. A hospital management system (HMS) is a computer or web-based system that facilitates managing the functioning of the hospital or any medical set up. This system or software will help in making the whole functioning paperless. It integrates all the information regarding patients, doctors, staff, hospital administrative details etc. into one software. It has sections for various professionals that make up a hospital.

Nurses are positioned to contribute to and lead the transformative changes that are occurring in healthcare by being a fully contributing member of the interprofessional team as we shift from episodic, provider-based, fee-for-service care to team-based, patient-centered care across the continuum that provides seamless, affordable, and quality care. These shifts require a new or an enhanced set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes around wellness and population care with a renewed focus on patient-centered care, care coordination, data analytics, and quality improvement.

Oral Health is the practice of keeping mouth and teeth clean in order to avoid all the dental problems which arise due to not maintaining proper oral hygiene. In conditions like gingivitis, periodontitis, and dental trauma, such as subluxation, oral cysts, maintaining good oral practice is the must. The Healthy People 2020 Project, a federal initiative to chart the nation’s public health issues and develop action plans to overcome them, identifies oral health as one of the key indicators of a healthy population, pinning good dental care to reduced risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, premature or low birth weight, and chronic oral pain.

Geriatrics is the specialty in internal medicine. Geriatrics differs from the standard adult medicine because it focuses on unique needs of elderly person. Aged body is different physiologically from the younger adult body, and during old age, the decline of various organ systems becomes manifest. Previous health issues and lifestyle choices produce a different constellation of the disease and symptoms in different people. The appearance of symptoms depends on remaining healthy reserves in the organs. Smokers, for example, consume their respiratory system reserve early and rapidly.

Clinical pharmacy is a branch of Pharmacy where pharmacists provide patient care that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all the health care settings but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics. Clinical pharmacists often collaborate with the physicians and other healthcare professionals. Clinical Pharmacist optimizes the outcomes of internal medicine patients by providing evidence-based, patient- centered medication therapy. This scientific session will focus on Research in Health & Medicine, Radiopharmaceuticals, Nanotechnology, Hospital Pharmacy, Drugs and Regulations, Genetics, Genetic Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Biopharmaceutics and Pre-formulation Studies.

Primary care is a healthcare given by the healthcare provider. This provider acts as first contact, principal point of continuing care for the patient within a health care system, and coordinates with another specialist care that the patient may need. Patients commonly get primary care from the primary care physician. Physicians specializing in internal medicine are called internist.

Healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings. The quantity and quality of many health care interventions are improved through the results of science, such as advanced through the medical model of health which focuses on the eradication of illness through diagnosis and effective treatment. Many important advances have been made through health research, including biomedical research and pharmaceutical research, which form the basis for evidence-based medicine and evidence-based practice in health care delivery.

Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities. This work is achieved by promoting healthy lifestyles, researching disease and injury prevention, and detecting, preventing and responding to infectious diseases. Public health professionals try to prevent problems from happening or recurring through implementing educational programs, recommending policies, administering services and conducting research—in contrast to clinical professionals like doctors and nurses, who focus primarily on treating individuals after they become sick or injured. Public health also works to limit health disparities. A large part of public health is promoting healthcare equity, quality, and accessibility.

Adoption and utilization of EHRs are increasing rapidly but variable, given pressures of financial incentives, policy and technological advancement. Adoption is outpacing published evidence, but there is a growing body of descriptive literature regarding incentives, benefits, risks, and costs of adoption and utilization. Further, there is a rising body of evidence that EHRs can bring benefits to processes and outcomes, and that their implementation can be considered as a healthcare management strategy. Obstetrics and gynaecology practices have specific needs, which must be addressed in the adoption of such technology. Specialty-specific literature is sparse but should be considered as part of any strategy aimed at achieving quality improvement and practice behavior change. Obstetrics and gynecologic practice present unique challenges to the effective adoption and use of EHR technologies, but there is a promise as the technologies, integration, and usability are rapidly improving. This technology will have an increasing impact on the practice of obstetrics and gynaecology in the coming years.